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        "moving materials from one place to another on a place value model to show renaming of numbers; for example, \\(1574\\) can be shown as one thousand, \\(5\\) hundreds, \\(7\\) tens and \\(4\\) ones, or as \\(15\\) hundreds, \\(7\\) tens and \\(4\\) ones",
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        "using the repeating pattern of place value names and spaces within sets of \\(3\\) digits to name and write larger numbers: ones, tens, hundreds, ones of thousands, tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands, ones of millions, tens of millions; writing, for example, four hundred and twenty-five thousand as \\(425 000\\)",
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        "comparing, reading and writing the numbers involved in the more than \\(60 000\\) years of First Peoples of Australia’s presence on the Australian continent through time scales relating to pre-colonisation and post-colonisation",
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        "checking the reasonableness of an addition calculation by using two- and three-digit numbers to the nearest \\(10\\) or hundred to estimate; for example, using \\(200 + 400 = 600\\) to estimate and check the solution to the calculation \\(219 + 385\\)",
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        "modelling additive problems using a bar model to represent the problem; for example, “I had \\(75\\) tomatoes and then picked some more, now I have \\(138\\). How many did I pick?”",
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        "modelling practical multiplicative situations using materials or a diagram to represent the problem; for example, if \\(4\\) tomato plants each have \\(6\\) tomatoes, deciding whether to use an addition or multiplication number sentence, explaining how each number in their number sentence is connected to the situation",
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        "modelling and solving practical  division problems involving unknown numbers of groups or finding how much is in each group by representing the problem with both division and multiplication number sentences; explaining how the \\(2\\) number sentences are connected to the problem",
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        "modelling the problem of deciding how to share an amount equally; for example, \\(48\\) horses into \\(2, 4, 6\\) or \\(8\\) paddocks, representing the shares with a division and a multiplication number sentence, and counting the number in each share to check the solutions",
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        "creating an algorithm as a set of instructions that a classmate can follow to generate multiples of \\(3\\) using the rule “To multiply by \\( 3\\) you double the number and add on one more of the number”; for example, for \\(3\\) threes you double \\(3\\) and add on \\(3\\) to get \\(9\\), for \\(3\\) fours you double \\(4\\) and add one more \\(4\\) to get \\(12\\) ...",
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        "creating a sorting algorithm that will sort a collection of \\(5\\) cent and \\(10\\) cent coins and providing the total value of the collection by applying knowledge of multiples of \\(5\\) and \\(10\\)",
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        "partitioning numbers using materials, part-part-whole diagrams or bar models, and recording addition and subtraction facts for each representation, explaining how each fact is connected to the materials, diagrams or models; for example, \\(16 + 8 = 24\\), \\(24\\space – \\space8 = 16\\), \\(8 = 24 \\space–\\space 16\\)",
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        "using the inverse relationship between addition and subtraction to find unknown values with a calculator; for example, representing the problem, “Peter had some money and then spent \\(\\$375\\), now he has \\(\\$158\\) left. How much did Peter have to start with?” as \\(\\square – \\$375 = \\$158\\) and solving the problem using \\(\\$375 + \\$158 = \\$533\\); solving \\(27 + \\square = 63\\) using subtraction, \\(\\square = 63\\space – \\space27\\) or by counting on; \\(27, 37, 47, 57, 60, 63,\\) so add \\(3\\) tens and \\(6\\) ones, so \\(\\square = 36\\)",
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        "exploring First Nations Australians’ stories and dances that show the connection between addition and subtraction, representing this as a number sentence and discussing how this conveys important information about balance in processes on Country/Place",
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        "partitioning using materials and part-part-whole diagrams to develop subtraction facts related to addition facts, such as \\(8 + 7 = 15\\) therefore, \\(15 \\space–\\space 7 = 8\\) and \\(15\\space – \\space 8 = 7\\)",
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        "using partitioning to develop and record facts systematically; for example, “How many ways can \\(12\\) monkeys be spread among \\(2\\) trees?”, \\(12 = 12 + 0\\), \\(12 = 11 + 1\\), \\(12 = 10 + 2\\), \\(12 = 9 + 3\\), …; explaining how they know they have found all possible partitions",
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